Periodontal disease is a pervasive condition characterized by inflammation that targets both the soft and hard structures supporting teeth. These ongoing infections within the gum tissue threaten the teeth’ support systems’ integrity. The need for periodontal treatment arises when the disease adversely affects these structures. Maintaining healthy teeth is directly linked to diligent oral care and appropriate therapeutic measures to salvage damaged teeth. Beyond the intrinsic value of oral health, a healthy mouth contributes significantly to an attractive appearance.
As periodontal disease progresses, inflamed gum tissue can recede from the teeth, and if left unchecked, it can lead to damage and loss of tooth-supporting bone structures. This, in turn, results in teeth becoming loose, shifting, or even falling out entirely. Tooth loss impacts the aesthetic appeal of your smile and hampers your ability to speak and communicate effectively.
The disease affects one or more periodontal tissues, including the gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Predominantly caused by inflammatory lesions from plaque, periodontal conditions fall into two categories: gingivitis (the less severe initial stage) and periodontitis. Gingivitis can be halted before progressing, primarily caused by dental plaque formation, a sticky film comprised of food particles and bacteria that adhere to teeth.
Bacteria in dental plaque produce toxins, leading to irritation, inflammation, and bleeding in the gum tissue. If left untreated, the gums may detach from the teeth, creating pockets that harbour more bacteria. Failure to practice good oral hygiene allows plaque to harden into calculus or tartar, a rough substance above and below the gum line. They are progressing from gingivitis to periodontitis, resulting in the degradation of bone and gum tissues supporting the teeth, causing bone loss in the alveolar bone and leading to loose or lost teeth.
What makes periodontal disease exceptionally perilous is its often asymptomatic nature, causing patients to be unaware of its presence and less likely to seek early treatment. By age 45, 80% of Americans may experience it, with four out of five patients remaining oblivious to their condition. Hence, maintaining a robust dental hygiene routine, including regular brushing, flossing, and dental appointments, is crucial for early detection and effective management.
